A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE, DURABILITY ENHANCEMENT, AND CRACK HEALING TECHNIQUES

Mr. Suhotra Gupta; Arun Kumar Agarwal

doi:10.29121/shodhkosh.v7.i12s.2026.8352

Authors

Mr. Suhotra Gupta Research Scholar Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Dr. Arun Kumar Agarwal Professor Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v7.i12s.2026.8352

Keywords:

Bacterial Based Self-Healing Concrete, Bacillus Subtilis, Bacillus Megaterium, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Durability, Sustainability

Abstract [English]

Bacterial self-healing concrete has proven to be a viable solution to enhance the durability, crack resistance and service life of concrete structures in a more eco-friendly manner. The shrinkage, thermal, chemical and corrosion induced cracking of conventional concrete structures leads to structural deterioration which increases the maintenance costs. While a few review studies have incorporated mechanical performance and durability enhancement, there is limited work that has considered all the above-listed areas in a single study: mechanical performance, durability enhancement, crack healing efficiency, sustainability and industrial challenges. This review critically discusses the recent developments of bacterial self-healing concrete focusing on Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP), bacterial selection, bacterial incorporation methods, and durability performance. The results show that the bacterial concrete can increase the compressive strength by around 10–40% and crack healing efficiency up to 95% and can effectively reduce the permeability, water absorption, and chloride ingress. However, among the bacterial species investigated, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphaericus and Sporosarcina pasteurii had the best healing performance. The microstructural analyses showed that the increased durability is due to calcium carbonate precipitation, pore refinement and matrix densification. The review also brings up issues of bacterial survivability, ammonia generation, high initial cost, and the lack of standard guidelines for implementing at field scale.

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