A STUDY OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE, ENGAGEMENT, AND BRAND INTIMACY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL FASHION MARKETING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v7.i5s.2026.7637Keywords:
Interactive Marketing, Brand Relationship, Social Media Marketing, Digital Consumer BehaviorAbstract [English]
This study aims to examine how social media usage and engagement behaviours influence the development of brand intimacy within the digital fashion industry. Adopting a quantitative research design, the study employs a structured survey method to collect data from active social media users across India. The data were analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify underlying dimensions of consumer engagement and emotional connection.
The findings reveal two key components—Social Media Usage/Engagement and Brand Intimacy—highlighting the dual behavioural and emotional dimensions of consumer–brand interaction. The results indicate that engagement acts as a critical mediating mechanism between social media usage and brand intimacy. Behavioural interactions such as liking, sharing, and participating in brand activities, combined with personalized and interactive content, significantly enhance consumer trust, emotional attachment, and loyalty toward fashion brands.
The study concludes that digital marketing effectiveness extends beyond visibility and reach, emphasizing the importance of meaningful, interactive, and personalized communication in fostering long-term consumer–brand relationships. It highlights that engagement is both behavioural and emotional in nature, evolving into brand intimacy through sustained and value-driven digital interactions. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of consumer engagement by reinforcing its multidimensional structure and offers practical insights for fashion marketers to design human-centric, data-informed, and emotionally resonant digital strategies.
References
Barger, V., Peltier, J. W., and Schultz, D. E. (2016). Social Media and Consumer Engagement: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 10(4), 268–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-06-2016-0065
Bartlett, M. S. (1950). Tests of Significance in Factor Analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 3(2), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1950.tb00285.x
Batra, R., Ahuvia, A., and Bagozzi, R. P. (2012). Brand Love. Journal of Marketing, 76(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.09.0339
Bloomfield, J., and Fisher, M. J. (2019). Quantitative Research Design. Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association, 22(2), 27–30. https://doi.org/10.33235/jarna.22.2.27-30
Boechat, A. C., Dias, J. A., and Feital, M. P. S. de A. (2025). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Fashion: A Study of Consumer Satisfaction in Portugal. In M. Kurosu and A. Hashizume (Eds.), Human-Computer Interaction (271–290). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-93838-2_19
Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., and Ilić, A. (2011). Customer Engagement: Conceptual Domain, Fundamental Propositions, and Implications for Research. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670511411703
Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press.
Dangaiso, P. (2024). Conceptualising and Examining a Social Media Marketing Framework to Predict Consumer Buying Intentions in Emerging Apparel Markets. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1), Article 2413377. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2413377
Field, A. (2024). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage Publications.
Fischer, H. E., Boone, W. J., and Neumann, K. (2023). Quantitative Research Designs and Approaches. In Handbook of Research on Science Education (28–59). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367855758-3
George, D., and Mallery, P. (2018). Descriptive Statistics. In IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step by Step (126–134). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351033909-14
Gvili, Y., and Levy, S. (2018). Consumer Engagement with eWOM on Social Media: The Role of Social Capital. Online Information Review, 42(4), 482–505. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-05-2017-0158
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., and Tatham, R. L. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis. Cengage Learning.
Hollebeek, L. D., Conduit, J., and Brodie, R. J. (2016). Strategic Drivers, Anticipated and Unanticipated Outcomes of Customer Engagement. Journal of Marketing Management, 32(5–6), 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2016.1144360
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An Index of Factorial Simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
Kotler, M., Cao, T., Wang, S., and Qiao, C. (2020). Marketing Strategy in the Digital Age: Applying Kotler’s Strategies to Digital Marketing. World Scientific. https://doi.org/10.1142/11737
Moore, Z., Harrison, D. E., and Hair, J. (2021). Data Quality Assurance Begins Before Data Collection and Never Ends: What Marketing Researchers Absolutely Need to Remember. International Journal of Market Research, 63(6), 693–714. https://doi.org/10.1177/14707853211052183
Naeem, M., and Ozuem, W. (2021). Developing UGC Social Brand Engagement Model: Insights from Diverse Consumers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(2), 426–439. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1873
Nasidi, Q. Y., Ahmad, M. F., and Dahiru, J. M. (2022). Exploring Items for Measuring Social Media Construct: An Exploratory Factor Analysis. Journal of Intelligent Communication, 1(2), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54963/jic.v2i1.53
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). An Overview of Psychological Measurement. In Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: A Handbook (97–146). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2490-4_4
Tabachnick, B. G., and Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using Multivariate Statistics (7th ed.). Pearson.
Tafesse, W. (2016). An Experiential Model of Consumer Engagement in Social Media. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 25(5), 424–434. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-05-2015-0879
Vivek, S. D., Beatty, S. E., and Morgan, R. M. (2012). Customer Engagement: Exploring Customer Relationships Beyond Purchase. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(2), 122–146. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679200201
Walliman, N. (2021). Research Methods: The basics. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003141693
Wang, T., and Lee, F. Y. (2020). Examining Customer Engagement and Brand Intimacy in Social Media Context. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54, Article 102035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102035
Xiao, S., and Chen, X. (2025). Measuring Social Media Customer Engagement with Brands Based on Information Entropy: An Application Case of Luxury Brand. Journal of Brand Management, 32(3), 184–202. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-024-00376-7
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Swati Bhalla, Pradeep Joshi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.























