GRAMMAR PROFICIENCY OF ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS USING TIC-TAC-TOE STRATEGY IN PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY, ASINGAN CAMPUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v7.i1s.2026.7198Keywords:
Grammar Proficiency, Tic Tac Toe Strategy, AI Grammar Tools, Challenges, EffectivenessAbstract [English]
Grammar is essential to clear communication and can be challenging to teach effectively; however, incorporating interactive games can make the learning process more entertaining and Ceffective. This study is intended to determine the effectiveness of the Tic-Tac-Toe strategy in teaching English grammar and compared it to traditional methods. The researcher employed an explanatory research design to explore why the Tic-Tac-Toe strategy works by providing insights into its impact and guiding future research (George & Merkus, 2023). The participants of the study were the 35 third year English major regular students from Pangasinan State University-Asingan Campus and were divided into two groups: one using the Tic-Tac-Toe strategy with technology aids and the other receiving traditional instruction. A post-test-only design was employed to assess the effectiveness of the two teaching methods. The results showed that the Tic-Tac-Toe strategy greatly outperformed traditional methods in improving grammar skills, though additional reinforcement may be necessary for long-term retention. Furthermore, it is recommended that educators could adopt the Tic-Tac-Toe strategy, integrate it with other innovative methods, explore advanced tools for complex grammar, align programs with students' linguistic backgrounds and implement continuous feedback mechanisms to enhance instructional approaches.
References
Alvarado, R. S. (2015). Strategies for Effective Grammar Instruction: Innovations and Approaches. Academic Press.
Anderson, M. (2019). ESL Games: ESL - Tic Tac Toe. TESOL International Association Blog. https://blog.tesol.org/esl-games-esl-tic-tac-toe/
Angelsen, A., Brockhaus, M., and Center for International Forestry Research. (2009). Realising REDD+: National Strategy and Policy Options. Center for International Forestry Research.
Baxter, J. (2008). Grammar Games and Activities. Cambridge University Press.
Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
Celce-Murcia, M., and Larsen-Freeman, D. (1999). The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher's Course (2nd ed.). Heinle & Heinle.
Crawford, J. (2005). Teaching Grammar: Lessons from Around the World. Cambridge University Press.
Ellis, R. (2008). The Study of Second Language Acquisition (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Gass, S. M., and Selinker, L. (2008). Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203932841 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203932841
Gong, K. (2019). Analysis of Tic Tac Toe Game. http://kevingong.com/Math/TicTacToe.html
Hadfield, J. (2008). Beginner's Communication Games. Longman.
Harmer, J. (2004). How to Teach Writing. Pearson Education Limited.
Harmer, J. (2015). The Practice of English Language Teaching (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
Hill, D. A. (1990). Visual Impact: Creative Language Learning Through Pictures. Longman.
Hubbard, P., Jones, H., Thornton, B., and Wheeler, R. (1983). A Training Course for TEFL. Oxford University Press.
Johnson, K. E. (2009). Second Language Teacher Education: A Sociocultural Perspective. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203878033 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203878033
King, G. (2004). Collins Good Grammar. HarperCollins Publishers.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2003). Teaching Language: From Grammar to Grammaring. Heinle.
Lester, M. (2009). English Grammar Drills. McGraw-Hill.
Long, M. H. (2015). Second Language Acquisition and Task-Based Language Teaching. Oxford University Press.
Nunan, D. (2003). Practical English Language Teaching. McGraw-Hill Education.
Richards, J. C., and Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009024532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009024532
Setiyadi, B. (2006). Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Graha Ilmu.
Swan, M., and Smith, B. (2001). Learner English: A Teacher's Guide to Interference and Other Problems. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667121
Terre, E. Q. (2020). English Language Teachers' Expectations, Satisfaction, Needs and Performance in the Senior High Schools in Pangasinan, Philippines. ASEAN Journal of Basic and Higher Education, (1). https://paressu.org/online/index.php/aseanjbh/article/view/168
Thornbury, S. (1999). How to Teach Grammar. Longman.
Ur, P. (1996). Grammar Practice Activities: A Practical Guide for Teachers. Cambridge University Press.
VanPatten, B., and Williams, J. (2015). Theories in Second Language Acquisition: An Introduction. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203628942 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203628942
Wright, A., Betteridge, D., & Buckby, M. (2006). Games for Language Learning (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667145
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Elsa Q. Terre

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.























