ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND LOW-LATENCY ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN IOT NETWORKS: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Authors

  • Hitesh Parmar Assistant Professor, K.S School of Business Management & Information Technology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
  • Dr. Kamaljit I. Lakhtaria Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i1.2024.6538

Keywords:

Internet of Things, Routing Protocols, Energy Efficiency, Latency Optimization, Wireless Sensor Networks, Performance Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Reinforcement Learning

Abstract [English]

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has introduced significant challenges in the design of routing protocols, particularly in achieving a balance between energy efficiency and communication latency. This paper presents a thorough literature review of energy-efficient and low-latency routing protocols for IoT networks, examining more than 200 selected publications from 2020 to December 2023. We developed a systematic taxonomy that categorizes protocols into energy-efficient, latency-optimized, and balanced approaches, assesses their performance characteristics, and pinpoints critical research gaps. Our analysis indicates that while energy-efficient protocols can enhance the network lifetime by up to 60%, recent machine learning-driven methods show up to a 59% reduction in the busiest-node routing energy while maintaining over 99% reliability. Latency-optimized solutions have achieved up to a 35.5% reduction in end-to-end delays through opportunistic forwarding and deep reinforcement learning. However, significant challenges persist in terms of security integration, real-world validation, and standardization. We offer a comprehensive roadmap for future research directions, highlighting the integration of artificial intelligence, edge computing, and next-generation network technology. This review serves as a foundation for researchers and practitioners developing advanced IoT routing solutions.

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Published

2024-01-31

How to Cite

Parmar, H., & Lakhtaria, K. I. (2024). ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND LOW-LATENCY ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN IOT NETWORKS: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 5(1), 3132–3149. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i1.2024.6538