REFORM AND TRANSFORMATION: A STUDY OF SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS IN NORTH INDIA (16TH–19TH CENTURY)

Abstract [English]

There are two recurring themes that may be seen throughout the history of India: reform and opposition. The objective of reform movements throughout history has been to challenge rigidity, superstition, and unfairness. However, these movements have developed at different moments in time. The region of Northern India, which is well-known for its wide cultural and historical traditions, started to develop as an environment that was suited for the execution of such reform between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. The religious, social, cultural, and political milieu of the region was significantly altered as a result of these reform efforts, which encompassed the Bhakti and Sufi traditions as well as the institutional initiatives of Arya Samaj and Lokniti. These reform movements had a major influence overall. The purpose of this paper is to offer justification for the study of social and religious reform movements by focussing on the nature, functioning, and effect of these initiatives. Some of the significant personalities that are explored in this book include saints, poets, reformers, and institutions. Their methods are analysed, and their contributions are rated. The findings make it abundantly obvious that these movements were multi-faceted processes that transformed the identity of North India and provided the framework for present nationalism. This is evident in light of the consequences.