REAL-TIME SYSTEMS: SCHEDULING AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NETWORKING

Abstract [English]

This study explores key aspects of scheduling algorithms and resource management techniques crucial for ensuring timely task execution and optimal utilization of system resources in real-time environments. Real-time systems demand precise scheduling and efficient resource management to meet stringent timing constraints essential for their operation in critical applications. Scheduling algorithms play a pivotal role in real-time systems by determining the order and timing of task execution to guarantee that tasks meet their deadlines. Rate-Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) and Earliest Deadline First (EDF) are prominent algorithms used for this purpose. RMS assigns priorities inversely proportional to task periods, simplifying scheduling decisions and reducing overhead. In contrast, EDF dynamically prioritizes tasks based on their deadlines, accommodating variable task execution times and maximizing system utilization. Resource management in real-time systems involves efficient allocation of CPU time, memory, and I/O resources to ensure that tasks have timely access to necessary resources without contention. Techniques like priority-driven scheduling, memory partitioning, and I/O scheduling optimize resource allocation, minimize latency, and enhance system responsiveness. Concurrently, mechanisms such as mutual exclusion and synchronization ensure coordinated access to shared resources, preventing conflicts and maintaining data integrity. Designing and implementing effective scheduling and resource management strategies require careful consideration of system requirements, task characteristics, and performance objectives. Real-time operating systems (RTOS) provide specialized support for deterministic task scheduling, low-latency interrupt handling, and efficient resource management, essential for meeting real-time constraints in diverse application domains. By integrating advanced scheduling algorithms, robust resource management techniques, and leveraging RTOS capabilities, real-time systems can reliably execute critical tasks within specified deadlines, ensuring operational reliability and performance in aerospace, automotive, medical, and industrial automation sectors, among others. Continuous advancements in scheduling theory, resource allocation strategies, and RTOS development continue to enhance the capabilities and reliability of real-time systems, enabling them to meet evolving demands in today's dynamic and interconnected world.