A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED BANKING COMPANIES IN INDIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i4.2024.4438Keywords:
Asset-Liability Management, ALM, Risk Sensitivity, Risk Management, Asset Management, Banking, LiabilityAbstract [English]
In developing countries like India, the regulatory framework governing banks has historically constrained competition within the financial system. However, significant changes occurred following the liberalization process and first-generation reforms initiated during 1991-92, resulting in a more intricate risk profile for banks, which was later followed by the emergence of new investment opportunities and technologies, including blockchain and cryptocurrencies, which further complicated the financial landscape. This transformation affects banks' liquidity positions and necessitates reassessing asset and liability management strategies. This study examines and compares the asset-liability management (ALM) practices of the State Bank of India (SBI) and HDFC Bank over five financial years (2019-2024). The methodology thoroughly analyses secondary data from annual reports, utilizing statistical tools such as ratio analysis and T-tests. The findings reveal that while both banks exhibit commendable ALM practices, HDFC Bank stands out as the leader in asset and liability management, demonstrating superior performance in several critical areas. The study's findings highlight the need for continuous innovation and adaptation in ALM practices to ensure long-term viability and competitiveness in the ever-evolving financial environment.
Abstract [Hindi]
भारत जैसे विकासशील देशों में, बैंकों को नियंत्रित करने वाले विनियामक ढांचे ने ऐतिहासिक रूप से वित्तीय प्रणाली के भीतर प्रतिस्पर्धा को बाधित किया है। हालाँकि, उदारीकरण प्रक्रिया और 1991-92 के दौरान शुरू किए गए पहले-पीढ़ी के सुधारों के बाद महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन हुए, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप बैंकों के लिए अधिक जटिल जोखिम प्रोफ़ाइल बन गई, जिसके बाद ब्लॉकचेन और क्रिप्टोकरेंसी सहित नए निवेश अवसरों और तकनीकों का उदय हुआ, जिसने वित्तीय परिदृश्य को और जटिल बना दिया। यह परिवर्तन बैंकों की तरलता स्थिति को प्रभावित करता है और परिसंपत्ति और देयता प्रबंधन रणनीतियों का पुनर्मूल्यांकन करना आवश्यक बनाता है। यह अध्ययन पांच वित्तीय वर्षों (2019-2024) में भारतीय स्टेट बैंक (SBI) और HDFC बैंक की परिसंपत्ति-देयता प्रबंधन (ALM) प्रथाओं की जांच और तुलना करता है। कार्यप्रणाली वार्षिक रिपोर्ट से द्वितीयक डेटा का गहन विश्लेषण करती है, जिसमें अनुपात विश्लेषण और टी-परीक्षण जैसे सांख्यिकीय उपकरणों का उपयोग किया जाता है। निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि जबकि दोनों बैंक सराहनीय ALM प्रथाओं का प्रदर्शन करते हैं, HDFC बैंक परिसंपत्ति और देयता प्रबंधन में अग्रणी के रूप में खड़ा है, जो कई महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्रों में बेहतर प्रदर्शन करता है। अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष निरंतर विकसित होते वित्तीय परिवेश में दीर्घकालिक व्यवहार्यता और प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए ALM प्रथाओं में निरंतर नवाचार और अनुकूलन की आवश्यकता पर प्रकाश डालते हैं।
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