GURU NANAK DEV: THE TORCHBEARER OF RELIGIOUS AWAKENING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i1.2022.4209Abstract [English]
In the beginning of the 16th century, when Guru Nanak lived and preached his message of love and equality, Punjab was part and parcel of the Delhi sultanate which was ruled by Sultan SikandarLodhi. Politically, it was an oppressive and unjust regime, marked by exploitation and injustice. Socially, it was a divided house wherein a large part of humanity was denied even the fundamental rights. Non-Muslims were made to live like second class citizens. The ruling class had lost all sense of justice and the order of the day. The moral and spiritual degeneration was also keeping pace only too well with the political disruption from which the country had been suffering.
References
InduBhushan Banerjee, Evolution of the Khalsa, University of Calcuttta Press 1936, p. 40.
Ibid., p. 50
Sudarshan Singh, Sikh Religion, Democratic Ideals and Institutions, Oriental Publisher, Delhi, 1979.
Surinder Singh Johar, The Sikh Gurus and Their Shrines, Vivek Publisher, 1976, p. 39.
Gurdas, Var-1, Pauri-27.
Max Arthur Macauliffe, The Sikh Religion Vol. I, Clarenden Press, Oxford, 1909.
S.S. Gandhi, History of the Sikh Guru, GurdasKapur and sons, Delhi, 1978.
Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Vol.-I Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1981, p. 39.
Sri Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1245.
Sri Guru Granth Sahib, p. 469.
This question and answer are found in ‘VilyatValiJanamSakhi'.
Max Arthur Macauliffe, The Sikh Religion, Vol. I, Calrenden Press, Oxford. 1909. Pg. 40.
Sri GurGranth Sahib, Pg. 1399.
W.H. Mecleod - Guru Nanak and the Sikh Religion. Oxford University Press 1968, Pg 164.
Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Pg. 731.
Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Pg. 472.
BhaiGurdas, Varan 1, Pauri 33.
Ganda Singh A Brief Account of the Sikh People, Sikh History Society, Amritsar, 1959, pp. 10, 11.
BhaiVir Singh (ed.) PuratanJanamsakhi, 1971, p. 13.
Harbans Singh, Guru Nanak and Origins of the Sikh Faith, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1969, p. 22.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Dr. Narinderkaur
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author.
It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
