PROBLEMS OF ETHNIC COMMUNITIES IN MYANMAR: AN ANALYSIS

Abstract [English]

This study examines the challenges faced by ethnic communities in Myanmar, a nation celebrated for its extensive cultural and ethnic diversity, comprising over 135 officially recognized ethnic groups. While this diversity holds the potential for enrichment, it has historically been a catalyst for conflict and systemic marginalization, further intensified by political instability and authoritarian rule. The research delves into the historical context, tracing the roots of factionalism to British colonial policies and highlighting the disappointment derive from the Panglong Agreement, which was intended to establish ethnic rights and autonomy. The paper validate that the political exclusion inherent in a governance structure dominated by the Bamar majority has established armed conflict for an extended period. It also critically examines human rights violations, particularly those affecting the Rohingya community, alongside broader trends of economic exclusion, violence, and social discrimination impacting various ethnic groups. By analyzing the interconnections between historical injustices, political dynamics, and socio-economic inequalities, this study aims to illuminate the challenges confronting ethnic communities in Myanmar and underscore the necessity for inclusive governance and equitable development.