A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ILLEGAL INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF HARYANA'S YOUTH (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PUNDRI BLOCK OF KAITHAL DISTRICT)
हरियाणा के युवाओं के अवैध अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रवासन का एक समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन (कैथल जिले के पुंडरी ब्लॉक के विशेष संदर्भ में)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i2.2022.3763Keywords:
illegal emigration,, migration, international migration, Education and Employment, attractive-repulsiveAbstract [English]
Migration is a universal phenomenon that has been going on for centuries. Humans have been migrating to fulfill their needs such as employment, education, medical facilities etc., but today the nature of migration has changed. Today humans have started migrating illegally. In India, the trend of illegal emigration has been highest in the state of Punjab. Which has also spread its roots completely in the neighboring state of Haryana. The study has revealed that in Haryana, the maximum number of youth have migrated illegally in the four districts of northern Haryana, which include Ambala, Kaithal, Kurukshetra and Karnal. Who have gone to some countries of the United States and Europe through travel agents. This has also become a complex problem in northern Haryana. The main objective of our research paper is to know the causes and effects of illegal emigration. In this study, I considered the Poodari block of Kaithal district of Haryana as the study area and through convenient sampling and observation method, selected the persons of both rural and urban families as respondents, from whose house people have emigrated illegally to the United States and Europe. And apart from this, information was also collected from the emigrants through information technology. And on the basis of primary data, this study shows that the main reasons for illegal international migration include population growth in rural areas, lack of job facilities, low salary, low income, drought, less medical and educational facilities. Along with this, the root causes of illegal emigration have also been found out. So that some concrete policies can be made institutionally. It is expected that some important conclusions and suggestions will also emerge from this study which will help in providing a fundamental solution to this problem.
Abstract [Hindi]
प्रवास सदियों से चली आ रही एक सार्वभौमिक घटना हैं। जिसे मानव अपनी आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने के लिए जैसे रोजगार, शिक्षा, चिकित्सा आदि सुविधाओं के लिये प्रवास करता रहा है, लेकिन आज प्रवास की प्रकृति बदल गई है। आज मानव अवैध तरीके से प्रवास करने लगा हैं। भारत में अवैध उत्प्रवास का चलन सबसे ज्यादा पंजाब राज्य में रहा है। जो साथ लगते राज्य हरियाणा में भी पूरी तरह से अपने पैर पसार चुका है। अध्ययन से पता चला है हरियाणा मे सबसे ज्यादा उत्तरी हरियाणा के चार जिलों जिनमें अंबाला, कैथल, कुरुक्षेत्र और करनाल में सबसे ज्यादा युवाओं ने अवैध तरीके से प्रवास किया है। जो ट्रेवल एजेंटों के माध्यम से सयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका व यूरोप के कुछ देशों में चले गए है। उत्तरी हरियाणा में भी यह एक जटिल समस्या बन गई हैं। हमारे शोध पत्र का मुख्य उद्देश्य अवैध उत्प्रवास के कारणों और प्रभावों को जानना है। इस अध्ययन में मेने हरियाणा के कैथल जिले के पूडरी ब्लॉक को अध्ययन क्षेत्र मान कर सुविधाजनक निदर्शन (Convenient sampling ) व अवलोकन विधि के माध्यम से ग्रामीण व शहरी दोनों प्रकार के उन परिवारों के व्यक्तियों को उत्तरदाताओं के रूप में चयन किया, जिनके घर से लोगों का संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका व यूरोप में अवैध उत्प्रवास हुआ है। व इसके अतिरिक्त उत्प्रवासियों से भी सूचना प्रोद्यौगिकी के माध्यम से जानकारी एकत्रित की गई। और प्राथमिक डेटा के आधार पर इस अध्ययन से पता चलता है कि अवैध अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रवास का मुख्य कारण ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में जनसंख्या वृद्धि, नौकरी की सुविधा न होना, कम वेतन, कम आय, सूखा, कम चिकित्सा एवं शैक्षणिक सुविधाएं शामिल हैं। इसके साथ - साथ अवैध उत्प्रवास के मूल कारणों को भी पता लगाया गया है। जिससे संस्थागत रूप से कुछ ठोस नीतियों का निर्माण हो सके। ऐसी अपेक्षा है कि इस अध्ययन से कुछ महत्वपूर्ण निष्कर्ष व सुझाव भी उभर कर सामने आएंगे जो इस समस्या का आधारभूत हल प्रदान कर सकने में सहायक होंगे।.
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