International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH

EXPLORING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF VISUAL ARTS: A NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE FOR EXPRESSING EMOTIONS IN ART THERAPY

Anuj Kumar Singh Rathaur — 2025-11-19

This research study explores the therapeutic function of visual arts as a non-verbal form of emotional expression within art therapy. As a form of psychotherapy utilizing the creative possibilities of visual art, art therapy aims to facilitate emotional exploration and promote healing. This study examines the efficacy of visual arts as a means of non-verbal emotional communication in therapeutic contexts by analyzing case studies, experimental data, and theoretical frameworks.
It investigates how cultural and individual differences influence creative expression and its impact on emotional transmission. Additionally, the study explores the outcomes of employing art therapy methods across diverse demographics, including children, adolescents, adults, and elderly individuals, within both clinical and non-clinical settings. Ultimately, this research study seeks to deepen our understanding of the therapeutic potential of visual arts, particularly regarding their capacity for emotional expression and healing in mental health contexts.

RESEARCH ON PROBLEMS AND CONSUMER EXPECTATIONS IN SPORTSWEAR PRODUCTS

Eda Acar — 2025-11-28

Sportswear today is not only preferred for sporting activities but has also become a widely used product group in daily life. This situation makes consumers’ expectations and purchasing behaviors regarding sportswear increasingly significant. This study was conducted to examine the purchasing behaviors of sports center members in the Bornova district of İzmir toward sportswear products, the problems they encounter during use, and their expectations from these products.
The survey, carried out with 152 participants, consisted of three sections: demographic characteristics, purchasing behaviors related to sportswear products, and expectations from garments. According to the findings, participants most frequently preferred tops and leggings when purchasing sportswear, with comfort being the primary factor influencing their purchasing decisions. The most commonly reported issues with tops were post-wash deformation, seam unraveling, and color fading, while the main problems with bottoms included rapid deformation, seam splitting, and fabric pilling. In addition, product lifespan, washing durability, air permeability, seam strength and fabric elasticity were identified as the most important expected features of sportswear.

THE VOICE OF DISCOURSE MULK RAJ ANAND'S SUBALTERN PERSPECTIVE IN UNTOUCHABLE

Devashish Kumar — 2025-12-04

Mulk Raj Anand's novel Untouchable is a seminal work in Indian literature that provides a poignant and powerful narrative of the socio-economic and cultural discrimination faced by the Dalit community. This paper examines how Anand's novel gives voice to the subaltern, focusing on themes of oppression, resistance, and the quest for dignity. Through a close analysis of the novel's narrative structure, character development, and thematic concerns, this study highlights the ways in which Untouchable articulates the experiences of marginalized communities in colonial India. The paper also situates the novel within its historical and social context, emphasizing its role in challenging the rigid caste system and advocating for social reform and equality. By exploring these dimensions, this paper underscores the enduring relevance of Untouchable in the discourse on caste and social justice.

INDIAN FAMILIES IN THE ERA OF ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES

Vinay Kumar Sinha — 2025-12-04

This Paper Presents a Detailed Sociological Analysis of The Multifaceted Sociocultural Changes that hve Occurred in the Traditional Institution of the Indian Family Due to the Economic Liberalization of 1991 and Subsequent Globalization. Using a Combination of Qualitative and Quantitative (Secondary) Data, the Study Focuses on Three Key Areas: Structural, Functional, and Emotional Dynamics. at the Structural Level, Urbanization and Migration Induced by Globalization have Accelerated the Disintegration of the Joint Family System Toward the Nuclear Family and Given Rise to the Concept of Transnational Families. at the Functional Level, Education and Economic Opportunities have Increased Women's Economic Autonomy and Decision-Making Power, Leading to Changes in Traditional Gender Roles. Additionally, the Role of Digital Media has Become Important in the Socialization of Children. at the Emotional Level, the Rise of Individualism has Challenged Traditional Collectivist Values, Leading To Changes in the Institution of Marriage (Such as the Acceptance of Love Marriages and Increased Divorce Rates) and Intergenerational Value Conflicts. The Research Concludes that the Indian Family is Going Through a Complex Transitional Phase, Where it is Localizing Global Ideals Rather than Fully Adopting them, Thereby Posing New Challenges for Social Policymakers.

ADDRESSING AUDITING CHALLENGES THROUGH EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES A CASE STUDY OF CROWE AL MUHANNA & CO

Alan Varghese Rejoy — 2025-12-06

The auditing profession is undergoing a significant transformation driven by technological advancements, increasing regulatory expectations, and the growing complexity of financial reporting. Traditional auditing practices, which depend heavily on manual procedures such as trial balance preparation, ledger reconciliation, and year-over-year analysis, are proving inadequate in today’s data-intensive environment. This research paper examines how emerging technologies including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Business Intelligence (BI), Robotic Process Automation (RPA), and automated Trial Balance extraction tools can address these challenges. Using a qualitative case study based on the internship experience at Crowe Al Muhanna & Co., combined with benchmarking insights from Deloitte’s digital audit tools, the study demonstrates how automation improves efficiency, reduces human error, enhances analytical depth, and strengthens the overall quality of audits. While the adoption of such technologies presents challenges related to training, financial investment, and data governance, the findings show that these technological tools represent a substantial opportunity for mid-sized audit firms to modernize and align with global standards. The study concludes with practical recommendations for future technology adoption, positioning the paper for academic publication in commerce and management journals.

EMPLOYMENT ELASTICITY OF OUTPUT IN THE CONSUMER GOODS MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF INDIA DURING THE POST-LIBERALIZATION PERIOD

Bhavnit Singh Batra — 2025-12-08

This paper estimates the employment elasticity of output for India’s consumer-goods manufacturing sector using industry-level data for 1991–92 to 2019–20. While prior research has examined elasticity at the aggregate or all-manufacturing level, no study has evaluated the KLEMS-defined consumer-goods sector as a distinct analytical unit or assessed how capital deepening conditions its employment responsiveness. Using fixed-effects regressions across constituent industries, the analysis reports sector-level elasticities for the full period and two post-liberalization sub-periods, with and without controls for capital intensity. The results show that sector-level elasticity is close to zero over the long run and turns negative in the 2003–04 to 2019–20 sub-period, indicating labour-displacing growth. Controlling for capital intensity raises elasticity somewhat but does not reverse this pattern. Industry-level estimates reveal pronounced heterogeneity: Wood Products and Textiles exhibit consistently negative elasticities, while Pulp and Paper and manufacturing n.e.c. display modest employment absorption. These findings align with the labour-productivity framework proposed by Kapsos (2005) and indicate that rising capital–labour ratios and sector-specific structural characteristics have progressively reduced the employment content of growth in consumer-goods manufacturing.

SELF RELIANT INDIA A ROLE OF MANUFACTURING AND ITS EFFECT ON EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN MAKING INDIA

Mukesh Jyani — 2025-12-10

The manufacturing sector stands as a fundamental pillar of economic growth and industrial advancement across the world. It performs the vital task of converting raw materials into finished goods while simultaneously generating employment, enhancing exports, and encouraging innovation. Acting as a connecting link between the agricultural and service sectors, manufacturing fosters large-scale industrialization, promotes self-reliance, and contributes to the sustainable progress of a nation.
This research paper discusses the broad economic significance of the manufacturing sector, emphasizing its impact on GDP, employment, trade, and technological development. It further highlights how the integration of digitalization and advanced manufacturing under the industry 4.0 framework is redefining global economic systems. The paper also identifies current challenges, supportive policy frameworks, and evolving trends that influence the future contribution of manufacturing to economic prosperity.

THE CONTRAST BETWEEN RURAL HEALTH SERVICES IN BIHAR AND KERALA

Neetu Kumari — 2025-12-15

This article evaluates the rural healthcare systems of Bihar and Kerala, two states of India at opposite ends of the health index, as per the report of Niti Aayog (2021). This article presents a comparative assessment of the rural healthcare systems of these two states of India. Bihar is at the bottom, and Kerala ranks the highest in the health index. This study examines the availability of health centres, building positions, the number of health workers (ANM), doctors, pharmacists, radiographers, laboratory technicians, and nursing staff at different levels of the rural healthcare system in Bihar and Kerala. This study analyses the number of required, sanctioned, in-place, and vacant posts for medical personnel such as medical workers, doctors, specialists, radiographers, pharmacists, laboratory technicians, and nursing staff. This paper also highlights the shortage of these medical personnel at different levels of the rural healthcare system. The comparison also considers the national context, focusing on the disparities and challenges associated with the rural healthcare system in India. This article basically attempts to make a comparative analysis associated with the shortfall of infrastructure and manpower.

ECOLOGIES OF HUNGER IN DALIT LIVES: A BRONFENBRENNERIAN STUDY OF THE PRISON WE BROKE

Pooja Gothwal — 2025-12-15

The study examines the multifaceted nature of hunger in Dalit lives as portrayed in Baby Kamble’s The Prison We Broke. Utilizing Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Socio-Ecological Model, the research maps how hunger is reproduced and experienced across interconnected ecological layers. While hunger is commonly understood as physical deprivation, this study foregrounds its broader social, emotional, and identity-based dimensions, revealing the ways in which hunger shapes and is shaped by experiences at the individual, familial, communal, and structural levels. The paper addresses a significant gap in the scholarship, where the ecology of hunger, particularly within Dalit autobiographical narratives, remains underexplored. Through qualitative textual analysis framed by ecological theory, the research shows how individual bodily starvation is embedded within family survival practices, sustained by communal networks, and perpetuated by macro-level caste discrimination and state neglect. These factors systematically sustain hunger and marginalization of Dalit communities. Importantly, the study also highlights forms of Dalit resistance that transcend mere physical nourishment. It emphasizes the struggle for dignity, selfhood, and collective identity, portraying hunger as not only a material condition but also a contested space where Dalits affirm their humanity and fight structural inequalities. The findings contribute to a nuanced, dynamic understanding of hunger as a layered phenomenon deeply entwined with caste-based oppression by revealing how hunger itself functions as a form of structural violence.

DESIGNING KINETIC FAÇADE FOR AN OFFICE BUILDING IN WARM AND HUMID CLIMATE TO IMPROVE THE DAYLIGHT QUALITY – AN INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

Sakshi Birkad — 2025-12-16

Daylighting plays a crucial role in providing comfort within buildings, as occupants have a strong preference for well-lit spaces that reduce reliance on artificial lighting. Considering growing concerns surrounding energy efficiency and sustainability, daylighting design has gained significance beyond its aesthetic and psychological implications. The building facade serves as a key element for controlling the penetration of natural light into indoor spaces. In this regard, a climate-based approach and the observation of dynamic sky conditions offer effective methodologies for this study. Kinetic architecture, inspired by nature and intricate geometries, integrates form and technology. In the context of enhancing visual comfort, daylight performance, and reducing glare, the implementation of innovative daylighting guide systems with real-time control through kinetic configurations becomes imperative. This study aims to propose a systemic computational approach to design a tri-fold kinetic facade configuration tailored for office buildings in warm and humid climates, aligning with specific daylighting design criteria. The research methodology deploys both the qualitative approach, through the assessment of feedback from the users regarding the visual comfort, and the quantitative approach, through the assessment of onsite measurement of visual environment in the office space and also by using the building simulation tools to calculate the various parameters related to the indoor visual environment affecting the performance of the office activity. The results from the analysis have shown that, when compared with the absence of any such kinetic façade, the proposed tri-fold kinetic facade can improve the visual and daylight performance of a building by reducing the annual sunlight exposure by 73-90% and annual disturbing glare by 73-91% which is significant to create cooling effect indoor. Optimal opening angles of the proposed kinetic façade for different orientations are also calculated regarding the different seasonal representative days. Limitations of the present study and the scope of further research are also highlighted.

BALANCING RESPONSIBILITIES A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ROLE OVERLOAD CHALLENGES AMONG EDUCATORS IN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS IN BIHAR

Poonam kumari — 2025-12-16

This research presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of role overload challenges among educators in government and private institutions, unraveling nuanced dynamics in the educational landscape. The study, based on data from 304 participants in the Bihar Southwest region (Kaimur, Rohtas, Buxar, Bhojpur, and Patna), illuminates that both sectors contend with a moderate level of role overload challenges, with a slightly heightened prevalence among private school teachers. Through correlation analysis, intricate interconnections between specific dimensions of role overload emerge, providing valuable insights into the complexities of the teaching profession. The findings emphasize the necessity for targeted interventions, particularly in private schools, to clarify role expectations. Additionally, they serve as a foundation for further exploration into the contributing factors to these perceptions. Ultimately, this study enhances our understanding of organizational stressors in education, underscoring the significance of addressing role-related challenges for the well-being of teachers and the effectiveness of educational institutions.

ESSENTIALS OF NUMBER THEORY FOR CRYPTOGRAPHY

sujit k. bose — 2025-12-16

In the communication era, secure transmission of digital data through networks of communication channels and their storage is carried out by encrypting the data. It transpires that the encryption methods heavily depend on The Theory of Numbers - a fancied topic of Higher Algebra. The discreteness inherent in this algebra employs special constructs, setting it apart from other topics of the subject. Its logical development requires careful understanding of the theory. On the other hand, Cryptography as a subject freely employs the concepts and methods of Number Theory, and a number of books have appeared on the subject. The reading of these texts however is not smooth for readers not conversant with the certain specialities of Number Theory. This survey in simple terms, is a compendium of these specialities that may ease the study of Cryptography.

SRI RAMAKATHAMRTA SARA AN ANALYSIS

Sriram Narainswamy Iyer — 2025-12-15

As a testament to the benediction of Brahmā to Vālmīki that the story of Śrī Rāma would flourish as long as the mountains and rivers exist , innumerable literary works on the life of Śrī Rāma by the poets of yore as well as those of contemporary poets continue to sanctify this world. The huge stock of Rāmāyaṇa based poems is further enriched by the Śrī-Rāmakathāmṛta-sāra, a recently composed devotional poem in the form of an abridgement of the Rāmāyaṇa. The author of this work, Śrī Kṛṣṇa Premī Svāmigaḷ (1934-2023) was one of the greatest exponents of bhakti-sampradāya of the 20th and the early 21st century, who has to his credit, over a dozen Sanskrit works belonging to different genres such as kāvyas, stotras, philosophical texts etc. Each of these are noted for their poetic richness and the profound devotional fervour.

THE LEGACY OF BROKEN BONDS ATTACHMENT DISRUPTION AND MATERNAL VILLAINY IN FLYNN’S SHARP OBJECTS

Kelevinuo Sorhie — 2025-12-15

This paper psychoanalyses Adora Crellin from Gillian Flynn’s Sharp Objects, exploring how her early experiences of maternal neglect and disrupted attachment shape her predatory caregiving. Based on Bowlby and Ainsworth’s Attachment Theory, the study argues that Adora’s pathological maternal behaviour, characterised by enmeshment, emotional withdrawal, and factitious caregiving, results from an early disrupted attachment bond formed with her mother, Joya. Her mother’s controlling and emotionally unresponsive attitude, coupled with the abusive grooming of Adora, fostered in her a conception of caregiving as conditional and invasive. An insecurely attached Adora repeats Joya’s parenting style on her daughters, guided by her distorted internal working model of child rearing. The paper positions Adora’s maternal actions as a form of intergenerational trauma, where caregiving becomes a strategy to resolve unfulfilled psychological needs. While Attachment Theory provides a potent psychological framework for interpreting her villainy, the paper also acknowledges its limitations in accounting for the sociocultural influences on her psyche. Further study of her narcissistic traits can deepen insight into how maternal violence disguises itself as care. The paper contributes to broader conversations around the representation of toxic motherhood in literature. It also calls for further exploration of the complex psychological mechanisms behind female-perpetrated abuse in contemporary fiction.

SACRED CURRENTS AND TAINTED WATERS: AN ECOCRITICAL READING OF THE RIVER GANGA

Dr. Shivangani Sharma — 2025-12-20

The River Ganga occupies a unique position in Indian cultural, spiritual, and ecological consciousness. Revered as a divine mother and a source of spiritual liberation, the Ganga simultaneously stands today as one of the most polluted rivers in the world. This paper offers an ecocritical reading of Raja Rao’s On the Ganga Ghat to examine how the river functions as a sacred, living presence within Hindu cosmology while also revealing the contradictions inherent in contemporary attitudes toward nature. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of deep ecology and eco-spiritualism, particularly the ideas of Arne Naess and Thomas Berry, the paper explores the tension between reverence and exploitation, faith and environmental neglect. Through Rao’s spiritually charged narratives set in Benares, the study highlights the urgent need to reclaim an ecological ethics grounded in spiritual awareness.