ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SPORTS PERFORMANCE IN KYOKUSHIN, SUBJECTED TO SPECIALIZED INVESTIGATIONSDorin-Alexandru Muresan 1, Mariana
Arghir 2, Emilia Florina Grosu 3 1 Ph. d Student, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, România2 Professor Dr. Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Systems, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, România3 Professor Dr. Habil, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, România |
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Received 15 December 2021 Accepted 5 January 2022 Published 31 January 2022 Corresponding Author Dorin-Alexandru
Muresan, alex.d.muresan@gmail.com DOI 10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i1.2022.4474 Funding:
This
research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,
commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Copyright:
© 2022
The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are
credited. |
ABSTRACT |
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In the works are presented the specialized
investigations, carried out by a specialist on a device for testing the
individual abilities of sportive, who practice the sport of performance in
Kyokushin. The investigations are carried out on a group of 5 male sportive,
who are subjected to 8 different tests, on a motorized platform with
multi-axial action, HUBER 360 – computerized equipped with its own
diversified program and adapted to testing, with which the components of the
individual movement of the sportive are established, but also his reactions
under external actions, which may consist of hits, pushes, or fixations. The work designed for this group of sportive
is particularly important because, in this way, one can establish the
abilities of the sportive to practice the sport to which he considers that he
prefers performance. The investigation of the sportive can be done in
advance, before a competition, to establish the vulnerability of the sportive
in practicing sports. Thus, the conditions in which he can activate are
established, but the sportive warns about the dangers, to which he is
subjected during the competition, to be able to avoid them or to counteract
them. The investigation can be done after the
competition, regardless of whether the sportive suffered an injury or not. An
injury of the sportive entails the interruption of his sports activity for a
determined period, in which through treatment and training the sportive
restores his sports skills to participate in a new competition. With the
HUBER 360 device, periodical investigations are made, to establish the
evolution of the sportive during recovery, with which certain training or
physical or medicinal treatments can be prescribed. |
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Keywords: Sportives
in Kyokushin, Preliminary Investigation, Computational Study, Assessment of
Injury Risks, Injury Prevention 1. INTRODUCTION By choosing this
research topic, we want a new approach to the evaluation and treatment of
balance and injuries encountered in performance sports, realized with the
help of the Huber 360 computer platform. The paper presents the
investigations that are carried out on a group of 5 male athletes, who
practice performance Kyokushin, all of them are part of the University team
in Cluj-Napoca. For a better
understanding of the applied investigations, a short presentation of this
sport is made. It is characterized by full contact; does not show protection
to punches; they can also hit the face, but only with the foot; |
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there is KO; the blow with the
lower limbs is accepted. Kyokushin relies on force shots to deal as much damage
as possible. This means that the sportive needs the reaction speed, as well as
the strength in both the lower and upper limbs.
The primary prevention of an injury in sport is a public health priority that will be of high importance in reducing the long-term consequences of musculoskeletal injuries, as is possible in the Kyokushin competitions Emery and Pasanen (2019).
Although the risk of suffering an injury is high in
certain sports, proper management can control or reduce this risk. Risk
management involves a work schedule through which risks can be identified,
evaluated, and intervened on them various strategies Fuller (2007).
By intervening on certain risk factors (muscle
imbalances, training mistakes) that are associated with various sports
accidents in young people, acute injuries and those due to overtraining could
be reduced from 15% to 50%. It has been
observed that high-intensity or high-volume workout sessions should be
periodically alternated with lower intensity programs to increase the ability to
adapt to workouts and reduce the risk of overtraining
Chattanooga
(2015).
Given the high frequency of injuries such as the ankle
sprain, it is necessary to use devices such as the Huber 360 with which the
risk of suffering from a sprain at this level can be predicted by evaluation.
Such assessments should be carried out at the beginning of the competitive
season, allowing athletes' weaknesses to be detected with the help of safe and
reproducible assessments.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The participants of this study are 5 athletes, who practice Kyokushin performance. They are male, physically, mentally, and intellectually healthy, who have agreed to be investigated before the competitions with the Huber 360 computer device, through which it is possible to establish those behavioural insufficiencies, which must be corrected, to sustain with as little damage as possible competition Valle et al. (2017).
The centralizing situation can be found in Table 1.
Table 1 The structure of the group of Kyokushin players under investigation |
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Subject |
Sex |
Age |
Height [cm] |
Weight [kg] |
M1 |
Masculine |
21 |
175 |
79 |
M2 |
Masculine |
30 |
170 |
80 |
M3 |
Masculine |
21 |
170 |
78 |
M4 |
Masculine |
40 |
181 |
100 |
M5 |
Masculine |
39 |
172 |
73 |
In the table is written the name of the subject and to
this, we will refer during the investigations, which will be carried out with
the HUBER 360 computerized device. According to the specifications presented in
Table 1, all the members of
the group of athletes fall within the prescriptions of Kyokushin sport.
The
device used for investigations is HUBER 360. The Huber 360 is an
apparatus with an oscillatory platform and 2 handles. It is equipped with force
sensors located both under the motorized platform and at the level of the
handles (Figure 1a). On the tablet on which the software (Figure 2b) HUBER 360 is integrated, you can view all the data recorded
from the patient's evaluation, you can export the evaluation in PDF format that
can be transmitted to the subject, allows personalized configuration of
recovery programs and tracking the progress made by them Huber (2019), Chattanooga
(2019).
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Figure 1 a. Huber 360 platform with a subject to
investigate. b. the tablet
of the device with the subject's data |
The
device mobilizes the joints in all planes of movement in safe conditions and
helps to relieve dysfunction, the feedback received on the screen helps the
patient to improve the strength and coordination of movements, working during
this component of the program both superficial and deep muscles. With the help
of balance games adapted to the physical condition of the patient, improved stability,
and self-confidence during the realization of movements can be achieved. In the
last stage, dynamic exercises are performed through which the tolerance to
effort can be increased, and the improvement of the cardiovascular system and
the modification of the BMI can be observed Chattanooga
(2015), Huber
(2018).
With
the help of this platform, we can assess the patient objectively through a
number of 7 specific functional tests: Stability Test; Unipodal test; Gait
test; Stability limit test; Mobility restrictions test; Test of the strength of
the hind limbs; Upper and lower limb coordination test.
The
duration of the test is 15 minutes Chattanooga
(2015). Of the 7 functional tests,
3 are based on the Romberg test and the Fukuda test and these assess balance, 2
focus on measuring the stability and mobility restrictions, and 2 focus on
quantifying the force and assessing the coordination capacity of the subject Chattanooga
(2019) In this paper for the
investigation of the group of Kyokushin players, we will exemplify the stability
test and the test of mobility restrictions.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In
practicing Kyokushin sport, the prelabyl investigation of athletes will be done
in a succession of 4 tests, which consist of: stability test with open eyes,
stability limit test, upper limb resistance test, upper and lower limb
coordination test.
3.1. Test of stability with open
eyes
The
open-eyed stability test for the group of athletes is presented in Table 2, with the evidential values
for each investigated subject, and the corresponding representations are found
in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6. The minimum values
are marked with red and with blue the maximum values.
Table 2 Centralization of stability measurements with open eyes for sportive |
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Subject |
Stability –
length (eyes open) [mm] |
Stability – area
(eyes open) [mm2] |
Stability –speed
(eyes open) [mm/s] |
M1 |
753.46 |
476.28 |
15.07 |
M2 |
587.11 |
174.25 |
11.74 |
M3 |
521.94 |
261.1 |
10.44 |
M4 |
526.85 |
177.72 |
10.54 |
M5 |
777.5 |
171.13 |
15.55 |
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Figure 2 M1 stability (eyes open) |
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Figure 3 M2 stability (eyes open) |
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Figure 4 M3 stability (eyes open) |
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Figure 5 M4 stability (eyes open) |
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Figure 6 M5 stability (eyes open) |
The stability test with eyes open shows the position of the subject's centre of gravity on the Huber 360's moving platform. The favourable aptitude of a subject compared to the others for one of the recorded quantities is presented in the tables for 15 minutes, as the test is carried out.
In the Table 2, and in the figures Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6
there are the registration data for the sportsman registrations. Using them we
can conclude the followings:
·
The subject M3 presents the smallest length of
movement of the centre of gravity in this 15-minute time of performing the
test, but also the lowest speed of movement of the centre of gravity during the
test. So, this topic has the best
stability in terms of moving the centre of the masses during the requests, which can arise in Kyokushin from the action of opponents during
the competition.
·
The subject M5 presents the smallest surface in
the movement of the centre of gravity of the subject, the other sizes are
maximum, so it is considered that the balance is not enough, to participate in competitions,
it can be easily removed from the equilibrium position, and in order to balance
it performs displacements in terms of length and high speed, which can lead to strong actions of the
opponent. This athlete must do sustained training to be
able to balance himself.
·
The subject M1 has the maximum values for the
area of the investigated measures, from this point of view, it is considered
that, Kyokushin cannot be practiced for
safety reasons, accidents/injuries can be frequent and uncontrolled.
3.2. Stability limit test
The
stability limit test for the group of athletes is presented in Table 3, with the evidential values
for each investigated subject, and the corresponding representations are found
in Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11. The minimum values
are marked with red and with blue the maximum values.
Table 3Centralization of stability limit test for sportive |
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Subject |
Limits of
stability 1 |
Limits of
stability 2 |
Limits of
stability 3 |
Limits of stability
4 |
Limits of
stability 5 |
Limits of
stability 6 |
Limits of
stability 7 |
Limits of
stability 8 |
M1 |
144 |
224 |
232 |
221 |
140 |
210 |
243 |
207 |
M2 |
114 |
172 |
256 |
167 |
100 |
102 |
209 |
160 |
M3 |
113 |
187 |
235 |
228 |
160 |
222 |
229 |
150 |
M4 |
128 |
194 |
224 |
217 |
169 |
247 |
243 |
189 |
M5 |
126 |
178 |
266 |
76 |
101 |
156 |
254 |
157 |
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Figure 7 M1 stability limit test |
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Figure 8 M2 stability limit test |
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Figure 10 M4 stability limit test |
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Figure 11 M5 stability limit test |
The stability limit test involves transferring the body weight in one direction, without detaching the legs from the platform. The evaluation criterion is the maximum amplitude of the trunk and ankle, in 8 different directions Chattanooga (2015). The values recorded in the table represent the number on points accumulated in one direction out of the 8, which the subject records during the 15-minute test, during which the platform moves randomly. The minimum number of points denotes that in that direction the balance is better, while the large number signifies that the tendency to unbalance in that direction is higher. From the interpretation of Table 3 and figures Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, the following aspects can be listed:
·
The M1 sportive, compared to the other athletes,
has greater instability in the directions: front, left-front, right front. On
the other 5 directions it has medium stability. Stability can be considered
average, from this point of view.
·
The M2 sportive, compared to the other athletes
in the group, has the best stability in the left-front, rear, right-rear,
right-side, right directions, so it has good stability compared to the demands,
to which it is subjected. It has good stability and can tow Kyokushin sport,
as a performance athlete.
·
The M3 sportive has good stability, compared to
the other athletes in the directions: front, right-front, but has an
instability found on the directions left-rear, right rear. This sportive
must keep his back away from attacks because he is vulnerable.
·
The M4 sportive has a median demean in general,
an instability directly at the rear and an instability in the left-rear. This
athlete is apt for Kyokushin.
·
This sportive (M5) has strong stability in the
rear and instability in the right front. He can practice Kyokushin with
attention to the imbalance to the right.
3.3. Upper limb resistance test
The upper limb resistance test for the group of athletes is presented in Table 4, with the evidential values for each investigated subject, The minimum values are marked with red and with blue the maximum values. This test refers to the force of the upper limbs in isometric contraction, ironing the subject has his hands fixed on the handles of the device and acts with one hand or another by pulling or pushing.
Table 4 Centralization of upper limb resistance test, and upper and lower limb coordination test for sportives |
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Subject |
Strength – push
left [DaN] |
Strength – push
right [DaN] |
Strength – pull
left [DaN] |
Strength – pull
right [DaN] |
Coordination
level |
M1 |
15 |
12 |
-20 |
-19 |
0 |
M2 |
10 |
13 |
-13 |
-13 |
0 |
M3 |
12 |
11 |
-9 |
-10 |
0 |
M4 |
8 |
7 |
-10 |
-11 |
0 |
M5 |
19 |
19 |
-14 |
-17 |
0 |
From the analysis of Table 4 regarding the action
of the superior memes, it is found that:
1) The
M1 athlete has the best pulling behaviour, but it does not apply to this
sport.
2) The
M3 and M4 athletes have the push, respectively the weaker pull, so they will
show caution in Kyokushin.
3) The
M5 athlete has the best manifestation through the action by pushing the hands,
so he is fit for practicing Kyokushin as a performance sport.
3.4. Upper
and lower limb coordination test
The open-eyed stability test for the group of athletes is presented in Table 4, with the evidential values for each investigated subject. In the Figure 12 there is the representation for each of them regarding this test.
The coordination test between the upper and lower limbs is closely related to the previous test because the subject is located on the platform, with his hands on the handles, and the athlete must push with the same force in both handles and maintain his balance on the platform. On the monitor screen appear different images, and the investigated one must be attentive to the received commands, to execute them according to the requirements.
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Figure 12 M1 – M5 upper and lower
limb coordination test |
This test is especially important for athletes who
practice Kyokushin because it requires their attention in the face, in order to
react to the opponent's requests – in this case the screen of the device's
monitor. This is a dynamic test. It was found that this dynamic test is very
demanding for those investigated and manage to execute the commands for about
30 seconds. Figure 12 was introduced to
exemplification of this test, because all athletes had the same behaviour and
did not require the presentation of 5 figures almost. From Table 4 it results that none
of those investigated managed to exceed the "0" level of the test and
did not qualify for the next level. The tested athletes cannot cope for more
than 30 seconds at the opponent's action, they will have to do sustained
training for the application of Kyokushin, as a performance sport.
4. CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS
The paper presents a preliminary test performed on five
athletes who practice Kyokushin, as a performance sport. All athletes are part
of the same team, so they are competitors only in training and not in
competitions.
The test was performed with a specialized HUBER 360
device, which can perform 7 distinct tests on a platform that performs
controlled movements, on which the competitor is positioned in an orthostatic
position, with the soles of the feet placed by markings, which are posterior
sensors, and the hands may or may not be put on some handles, where there is
another category of sensors.
The tests were necessary to warn the athletes about the deficiencies that are detected in their behaviour under the action of external stimuli, to avoid injuries during competitions, or to direct the trainings in such a manner that the athlete's body is prepared for sports confrontations. The test results were communicated to the athletes.
The situation is as follows:
1) The M2 and M4 sportive are
enough good the practice Kyokushin as performance sports.
2) M1
and M5 athletes have instability and accentuated imbalances, so training must
be well directed to correct the inconveniences.
3) The M3 athlete is liable to injuries, so it would be good not to practice Kyokushin as a performance sport.
REFERENCES
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Chattanooga. (2019). Huber 360. Retrieved from https://www.chattanoogarehab.com/huber-360-15-0011-int
Emery, C. A., & Pasanen, K. (2019). Current trends in sport injury prevention. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 33(1), 3-15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.009
Fuller C. W. (2007). Managing the risk of injury in sport. Clinical journal of sport medicine: official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 17(3), 182-187. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e31805930b0
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