A COMPILED REVIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF VISHAGHNA YOGA “IN TODAY’S SCENARIO”
Dr. Nidhi Porwal 1
,
Dr. R. C. Tiwari 2
,
Dr. Manisha Dikshit 3
,
Dr. Ved Bhushan Sharma 4
,
Dr. Bhawana Mittal 4
1 Post
Graduate Scholar, Department of Agad Tantra Evum Vidhi Vaidyak, Uttarakhand
Ayurved University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
2 Professor
and H.O.D, Department of Agad Tantra Evum Vidhi Vaidyak, Uttarakhand Ayurved
University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
3 Associate
Professor, Department of Agad Tantra Evum Vidhi Vaidyak, Uttarakhand Ayurved
University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agad Tantra Evum Vidhi Vaidyak, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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ABSTRACT |
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Vishagaravairodhika
prashamana or Agadatantra, one among the
eight branches of Ayurveda details on toxins, their effects on body
and its treatment. Poison has ten properties namely Laghu (Lightness),
Ruksha (Dryness), Aashu (Quick acting), Vishad
(Nonslimy), Vyavayi (Quickly absorbed), Teekshna (Sharpness), Vikasi
(Deranges structure and debilitates functions of Dosha, Dhatu etc.), Sookshma
(Minuteness), Ushna (Hot) and Anirdeshya Rasa (Undefinable
taste). Formulations or drugs which act against these properties of poisons
or venoms are called as Vishaghna Yoga. For the management of toxicity, various Vishaghna
yogas (Antitoxic formulations) or Agadas are mentioned in Samhitas.
This review article is an attempt to put forth all Vishaghna yogas of Samhita
collectively in one place to overcome toxic effects which are in the form
of diseases in human beings. |
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Received 04 September 2022 Accepted 03 October 2022 Published 21 October 2022 Corresponding Author Dr. Nidhi
Porwal, gupta.nidhi593@gmail.com DOI 10.29121/jahim.v2.i2.2022.23 Funding: This research
received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial,
or not-for-profit sectors. Copyright: © 2022 The
Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License. With the
license CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download,
reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work
must be properly attributed to its author.
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Keywords: Ayurveda, Anti Toxic
Formulations, Vishaghna Dravya, Agad Tantra |
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1. INTRODUCTION
The word Agadtantra consists of two words Agada and Tantra. The word Agada is derived from Gada. Gada has two meanings one is Roga (Disease) and other is Visha (poison). Agada is also a synonym to drug. So Agada is a drug that conquers disease or poison.Dravya (substance) which causes vishada (sorrow) is called as Visha (poison). Danshtra chikitsa, Agad tantra and Vishagarvairodhik prashaman are synonym of each other. Danshtra chikitsa is the sixth branch of Ayurveda which mainly deals with agada i.e., the medicine with anti-poisonous effects. Gupta (n.d.)The dravya which causes vishaad (sorrow or depression) is known as visha. Shastri (n.d.) Drugs which act against toxic effect of substances are called as vishghna. Shastri (n.d.) In present scenario,it is the need of the hour to develop Ayurvedic management as a first aid measure. Ayurveda literatures are huge treasures of numerous drug formulations. Agada yogas/Vishaghna kalpa are the formulations which counteract the deleterious actions of visha or poison over the senses and organs. Agada yoga, which constitutes vishaghna mahakashaya drugs as the major ingredients, meet these very requirements.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Vishghna Mahakashaya contains
1) Haridra (Curcuma longa)
2) Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia
3) Suvahaa (Pluchea lanceolata)
4) Sookshamaelaa (Elettaria cardamomum)
5) Paalindee (Operculina turpethum)
6) Chandan (Santalum album)
7) Kataka (Strychno spotatorum)
8) Shireesh (Albizzia lebbeck)
9) Sinduvaara (Vitex negundo)
10) Shleshmaataka (Cordia dichotoma)
Table 1
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Table 1 Some Agad Preparations and Therapeutic Uses of Vishaghna Mahakashaya Drugs |
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S. N. |
Drugs |
Agad Preparations |
Indication |
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1. |
Haridra |
Mahaagad |
All Types of
poisoning |
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Sanjivani agad |
All Types of poisoning. Shastri, A. (n.d.) |
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Rajanyadi agad |
Keet visha |
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Kumkumadi agad |
Shatapadi visha Shastri (n.d.) |
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Shireeshadi agad |
Insect bite. Shastri (n.d.) |
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Padamakadiagad |
Keet visha |
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Champakad agad |
Spider bite Gupta (n.d.) |
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2. |
Manjishtha |
Mahaagada |
Sarpadamsha |
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Rushabha agad |
Keet visha. Shastri (n.d.) |
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Kahara agad |
All Types of poisoning |
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Kalyanak ghrita |
All Types of
poisoning. Shastri (n.d.) |
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Champaka agad |
Spider bite. Gupta (n.d.) |
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3. |
Ela |
Ajeya Ghrita |
All Types of
poisoning |
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|
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Dushivishari agad |
Dushi visha. Shastri (n.d.) |
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Tarkshya agad |
Snake bite |
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|
Rushabh agad |
Insect bite Shastri (n.d.) |
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Mahasugandhiagad |
Scorpian and spider
bite Shastri (n.d.) |
|
4. |
Palindi |
Rushabh agad |
Insect bite |
|
|
|
Mahasugandhiagad |
Scorpian and spider
bite |
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|
Kalyanak ghrita |
All Types of poisoning |
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5. |
Chandan |
Tarkshya agad |
Snake bite |
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Rushabh agad |
Insect bite |
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Ajeya ghrita |
All Types of
poisoning Shastri (n.d.) |
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6. |
Shirisha |
Vanshtwadi agad |
Snake-Spider-rat- Insect bite |
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Kshara agada |
All Types of
poisoning |
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Himwan agad |
Snake bite. Gupta, A. (n.d.) |
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7. |
Sindhuvaar |
Mahasugandhiagad |
Scorpian and spider
bite |
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Tarkshya agad |
Snake bite |
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8. |
Shleshmatak |
Kshara agada |
All Types of
poisoning |
Vishaghna yogas
which are described in Charak samhita are shown in following Table:
Table 2
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Table 2 Vishaghna Yoga in Charak
Samhita Sutrasthana Shastri (1993), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993) |
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S. N. |
Vishaghna Yoga |
Indications |
Route of
Administration |
References |
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1 |
Mutra varga |
Vishaghna (Antitoxic) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 1/94-97 |
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2 |
Hastimutra |
Visha (Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 1/104 |
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3 |
Vajimutra |
Vishaja vikara (Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 1/105 |
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4 |
Vishanashak yawagu |
Vishaghni (Antitoxic) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 2/24 |
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5 |
Shirishadi Lepa |
Visha nashak (Antitoxic) |
Lepa (Local Application) |
Ch.Su. 3/28 |
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6 |
Vishaghna Mahakashaya |
Vishaghna (Antitoxic) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 4/11 |
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7 |
Sarpi pana |
Visha (Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 13/43 |
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8 |
Shirish |
Vishaghna (Antitoxic) |
Pana (Oral)/ Lepa (Local Application) |
Ch.Su. 25/40 |
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9 |
Yava |
Vishaghna (Antitoxic) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 27/20 |
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10 |
Kalashaka |
Garavisha (Concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 27/91 |
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11 |
Tandulyeek |
Vishaghna (Antitoxic) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 27/94-95 |
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12 |
Kapitha |
Vishaghna (Antitoxic) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 27/136-137 |
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13 |
Phala of Nipa,
Shatavhak, Pilu, Trunashunya, Vikangatam, Prachinamalak. |
Garavisha (Concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 27/145 |
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14 |
Takra |
Garavisha (Concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 27/229 |
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15 |
Ghrita |
Visha (Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 27/231 |
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16 |
Jeerna Ghrita |
Garavisha (Concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Su. 27/233 |
Table 3
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Table 3 Vishaghna Yoga in
Charak Samhita Chikitsasthana Shastri and
Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989) |
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S. N. |
Vishaghna Yoga |
Indications |
Route of
Administration |
References |
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1 |
Dwitiya brahmya
rasayana |
Prophylaxis/preventive
for vishavikara (poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.1/58-61 (Rasayana Adhyaya pratham pad) |
|
2 |
Haritakyadi yoga |
Prophylaxis/preventive for vishavikara
(poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.1/77 (Rasayana Adhyaya pratham pad) |
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3 |
Kalyanak Ghrita |
Vishavikara (Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.9/36-41 |
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4 |
Siddharthakadi Agada |
Vishavikara (Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral), Anjana (Collyrium), Nasya (Nasal
medication), Alepa (External application), Snana (Bath), Udvartana (Unction) |
Ch.Chi.9/69-72 |
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5 |
Kshargudika |
Garavisha (Concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.12/43-46 |
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6 |
Patolmuladi Kwath |
Vishavikara (Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.12/53-54 |
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7 |
Narayana Churna |
Damshtra visha (Animate poison), mula visha (Root poison), Garavisha
(Concocted poison), Krutrim visha (Artificial poison). |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.13/125-132 |
|
8 |
Snuhikshira Ghruta |
Garadosha (Concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.13/138-140 |
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9 |
Pippalimuladi kshara |
Vishavikara (Poisoning) and Garavisha (Concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.15/173-176 |
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10 |
Yogaraj yoga |
Vishavikara (Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.16/81-86 |
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11 |
Shilajatu vataka |
Garavisha (Concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.16/87-92 |
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12 |
Vamana yoga |
First Vishavega (Impulse) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/45 |
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13 |
Virechana yoga |
Second Vishavega (Impulse) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi 23/45 |
|
14 |
Madhu-Sarpiadi yoga |
Second Vishavega (Impulse) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/47 |
|
15 |
Ksharagad |
Third Vishavega (Impulse) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/48 |
|
16 |
Gomayrasadi Yoga |
Fourth Vishavega (Impulse) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/48 |
|
17 |
Kakanda-Shirish Yoga |
Fifth Vishavega (Impulse) |
Ashchotana (Eye drop) Anjana (Collyrium) and Nasya (Nasal
medication) |
Ch.Chi.23/48-49 |
|
18 |
Gopittadi Yoga |
Sixth Vishavega (Impulse) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/50 |
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19 |
Palashbeejadi yoga or Vartakadi yoga or Surasadi Gutika |
Eighth Vishavega (Impulse) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/51-52 |
|
20 |
Kakandadi yoga |
Udbandhan (hanging),
Visha (poisoning), Jalamruta (drowning) |
Nasya (Nasal medication), Lepa for Upadhan karma (Local
application on incised scalp), Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/53 |
|
21 |
Mrutasanjivana Agada |
Sarva vishahara (All types of poisoning) |
Nasya (Nasal medication), Lepa (Local paste), Dharana (Amulet),
Dhuma (Fumigation), Grahana (Keeping at home). |
Ch.Chi.23/54-60 |
|
22 |
NataKushta kalka yoga |
Vatasthane visha (Poison in the site of Vata) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/62 |
|
23 |
Ghrutamadhupayambu
yoga |
Pittasthane visha (Poison in the site of Pitta) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/62 24 |
|
24 |
Ksharagad |
Kaphasthane Visha (Poison in the site of Kapha) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/63 |
|
25 |
Charmakasha kalka |
Kaphamargavrodhjanya
Visha (Poisoning obstructing the path of
Kapha) |
Lepa (Local Application) |
Ch.chi.23/65-66 |
|
26 |
Katabhimarichyayadi
yoga |
Kaphamargavrodhjanya
Visha (Poisoning obstructing the passage of
Kapha) |
Pradhaman nasya (Blowing medicated powder in nostrils) |
Ch.chi.23/66 |
|
27 |
Mansa prayoga of Chag/Gavya/Mahish/Kukkuta |
Visha sankraman
/Raktagata Visha (Poison spread in blood) |
Lepa (Local Application) on incised scalp |
Ch.chi.23/67 |
|
28 |
Vartakuadi yoga |
Nasa, Karna, Netra,
Jivha, Kantha Avarodh (obstruction in nose, eyes, ear, tongue,
and throat) in vishaktata (poisoning) |
Nasya (Nasal medication) |
Ch.Chi.23/68 |
|
29 |
Daruvyoshadi yoga |
Akshiavarodh (distress of eyes) in vishaktata (Poisoning) |
Anjana (Collyrium) |
Ch.Chi.23/69 |
|
30 |
Gandhahasti Agada |
Visha digdhakshata (poisoned arrow injury), Lidha visha (Licking poison),
Damshta visha (Animate poison), Pita visha (Poison administered
orally) |
Lepa (Local application), Anjana (Collyrium) |
Ch.Chi.23/70-76 |
|
31 |
Mahagandhasti Agada |
Mushika visha (rat poison), Luta visha (spider poison), Pannaga visha
(snake bite), Mulavisha (root poison), Kanda visha (tubers
poison) |
Pana (Oral), Anjana (Collyrium), Lepa (Local paste). |
Ch.Chi.23/77-94 |
|
32 |
Rrushabhakadi Agada |
Shwasa (dyspnoea), Jwara (fever) –Visha Upadrava (complications)
in visharoga (poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/95 |
|
33 |
Hingawadi Yoga |
Upadrava (Complications) in Visharoga (poisoning) like
Jwara (fever), Hikka (hiccup), Shwasa (dyspnoea), Kasa (cough) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Chi.23/96 |
|
34 |
Vamana nashak yoga |
Vamana (Vomiting) in Vishavikara (poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/97 |
|
35 |
Hikka nashak yoga |
Hikka (hiccup) in Visharoga (poisoning) |
Dhumvarti (Smoking sticks), pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/97 |
|
36 |
Dhum yoga |
Gruha shayana aasan,
vastraadi (poison in house, bed, chairs, clothes
etc.) |
Dhuma (Fumigation) |
Ch.chi.23/98-99 |
|
37 |
Dhuma agada |
Uraga (snake), Aakhu (rat), Kita (insects),
Vastrakrumi (insects in cloths)- Vishaktata (poisoning) |
Dhuma (Fumigation) |
Ch.Chi.23/99-100 |
|
38 |
Ksharagada |
Sarva Visha (All poisons) |
Lepa (Local application) |
Ch.chi.23/170 |
|
39 |
Khanda Lepa |
Vatik visha (Vatik poisoning) |
Lepa (Local application) |
Ch.chi.23/170 |
|
40 |
Ghrita pana |
Vruchika Visha (scorpion sting) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/173 |
|
41 |
Ghrita pana |
Ucchiting Visha (scorpion sting) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/174 |
|
42 |
Bandhujivadi mula
yoga |
Shirogata visha (Poison situated in head) |
Nasya (Nasal medication) |
Ch.chi.23/181 |
|
43 |
Mansaasruga (flesh with blood) of Daksha (cock), Kak (crow),
Mayur (peacock) |
Adho ardha bhaga
dashtajangam visha (Bites in lower half of body) |
Lepa (Local paste) on
Mastishka (Head) |
Ch.chi.23/182 |
|
44 |
Mansaasruga (flesh with blood) of Daksha (cock), Kak (crow),
Mayur (peacock) |
Urdhwa ardha bhaga
dashta (jangam visha) |
Lepa (Local paste) on pada (Feet) |
Ch.chi.23/182 |
|
45 |
Pipallyadi Anjana |
Akshigat visha (poison in eyes) |
Anjana (Collyrium) |
Ch.chi.23/183 |
|
46 |
Kapitthadi yoga |
Kanthagata Visha (Poison in throat) |
Lehan (Linctus) |
Ch.chi.23/184 |
|
47 |
Tagar churnadi yoga |
Amashayagata Visha (Poison in stomach) |
Lehan (Linctus) |
Ch.chi.23/184 |
|
48 |
Pipaliharidradi yoga |
Pakwashayagata Visha (Poison in colon) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/185 |
|
49 |
Godha Rakta Mansa
shushka churnadi Yoga |
Rasagat Visha (Poisoning of Rasa) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/186 |
|
50 |
Shelormooltwagadi
yoga |
Raktagat Visha (Poisoning of blood) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/187 |
|
51 |
Madhu with
khadirarishta and kutaja mula with jal |
Mansagat Visha
(Poisoning of flesh) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/188 |
|
52 |
Baladi yoga |
Sarva Visha (All
types of poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/188 |
|
53 |
Pipallinagaradi yoga |
Kapha pradhan visha
(Aggrevation of Kapha) |
Pratisarana (Local
painting) |
Ch.chi.23/189 |
|
54 |
Mansyadi yoga |
All types of Visha
vikara (poisoning) |
Pana (Oral), Nasya
(Nasal medication), Anjana (Collyrium), Lepa (Local application) |
Ch.chi.23/190-191 |
|
55 |
Chandanadi yoga |
Sarva visha (All
poisons) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/191-192 |
|
56 |
Shirisha pushpa yoga |
Sarpa damshta (Snake
bite) |
Pana (Oral), Nasya
(Nasal medication), Anjana (Collyrium) |
Ch.chi.23/193 |
|
57 |
Natakushtha yoga |
Takshak sarpa damshta
(Takshak snake bite) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/194-195 |
|
58 |
Sindurvaradi yoga |
Darvikar sarpa damshta
visha (Darvikar snake bite) |
Pana (Oral), Nasya
(Nasal medication) |
Ch.chi.23/195-196 |
|
59 |
Manjishtadi yoga |
Mandali sarpa damshta
visha (Mandali snake bite) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/196-197 |
|
60 |
Vyoshadi yoga |
Rajimant sarpa
damshta visha (Rajimant snake bite) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/197-198 |
|
61 |
Gruhadhumadi yoga |
Wasuki sarpa damshta
visha (Wasuki snake bite) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/198-199 |
|
62 |
Kshirivruksha twagadi
yoga |
kita visha (insect
bites) of all types |
Lepa (Local application) |
Ch.chi.23/199-200 |
|
63 |
Chandanapadmakadi
yoga |
All Luta Visha
(spider poison) |
Pana (Oral), Nasya
(Nasal medication), Anjana (Collyrium), Lepa (Local application) |
Ch.chi.23/201 |
|
64 |
Madhukadi yoga |
Luta visha (spider
poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/202 |
|
65 |
Kusumbhapushpadi yoga |
Karnika / Mansankura
in Kita and Luta visha (Growth at local site of bite of insect or spider) |
Lepa (Local
application) |
Ch.chi.23/203 |
|
66 |
Katabhyadi yoga |
Kita and Luta
damshajanya vrana (wound due to insect and spider bite) |
Pana (Oral), Lepa
(Local application) |
Ch.chi.23/204 |
|
67 |
Twachanagar yoga |
Mushaka visha (Rat
bite) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/205 |
|
68 |
Kutajadi yoga |
Vruchika (Scorpion
sting), Luta (spider bite), Mushika (Rat bite), Sarpa (snake bite) and Garavisha
(concocted poison) |
Pradhaman Nasya
(Blowing of powder in nostrils), Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/206-207 |
|
69 |
Kapotvitadi yoga |
Vruchika visha
(Scorpion sting) |
Lepa (Local
application) |
Ch.chi.23/208-209 |
|
70 |
Shirishaphaladi yoga |
Dardureavisha (Frog poisoning) |
Lepa (Local
application) |
Ch.chi.23/209 |
|
71 |
Shwetabhandi yoga |
Matsyavisha (Fish
poisoning) |
Lepa (Local
application) |
Ch.chi.23/210 |
|
72 |
Param Agada (Vachadi
yoga) |
Vishwambharadi
damshta (Insect bite like Vishwambhara) |
Nasya (Nasal medication),
Anjana (Collyrium), Lepa (Local application) |
Ch.chi.23/212-214 |
|
73 |
Swarjikadi yoga |
Shatapadi visha
(Centipede poisoning) |
Nasya (Nasal
medication), Anjana (collyrium), Lepa (Local application), Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/215 |
|
74 |
Kapitthadi yoga |
Gruhagodha visha
(House lizard poisoning) |
Lepa (Local
application) |
Ch.chi.23/216 |
|
75 |
Kakandadi yoga |
Visha (Poison) |
Pana (Oral), Lepa
(Local application) |
Ch.chi.23/217 |
|
76 |
Panchashirisha Agada |
Visha (Poison) |
Pana (Oral), Lepa
(Local application) |
Ch.chi.23/218 |
|
77 |
Somavalkadi yoga |
Nakha danta kshata
visha (Nail, Teeth bite wound) |
Lepa (Local
application) |
Ch.chi.23/220 |
|
78 |
Sitadi yoga |
Shanka visha
(Suspicion poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/222-223 |
|
79 |
Devadarvadi yoga |
Chatushpada
Damshtanam (Quadraped bitten by some poisonous animals) |
Pana (Oral), Nasya
(Nasal medication), Anjana (Collyrium), Leha (Linctus). |
Ch.chi.23/231-232 |
|
80 |
Tamrachurna &
Madhu |
For Vamana in
Garavisha (For emesis in concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/239 |
|
81 |
Hemachurna yoga |
Sarva visha (all
poison), Gara visha (concocted poison). |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/240 |
|
82 |
Nagdantyadi ghrita |
Sarpa visha (Snake
bite), Kita visha (Insect bite), Garavisha (Concocted poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.chi.23/241-242 |
|
83 |
Amruta ghrita |
Sarva visha (all
types of poison), Garavisha (Concocted poison), Visha Udbandhana mruta
(revives the person almost dead due to poisoning and hanging) |
Pana (Oral), Abhyanga
(Gentle massage), Nasya (Nasal medication) |
Ch.chi.23/242-249 |
Table 4
|
Table 4 Vishaghna Yoga in
Charaka Samhita Kalpasthana Shastri and
Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989), Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989) |
||||
|
S.N. |
Vishaghna Yoga |
Indications |
Route of
Administration |
References |
|
1 |
Ishwaku yoga |
For vamana in
vishavikara (Emesis in poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Ka.3/4 |
|
2 |
Ishwaku kshira |
Vishavikara (Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Ka.3/9-10 |
|
3 |
Ishwaku phala majja
with dadhimanda or takra |
Vishavikara
(Poisoning) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Ka.3/10-11 |
|
4 |
Dhamargava (phala,
pushpa, praval) |
Garavisha (Concocted
poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Ka.4/4-5 |
|
5 |
Dhamargava yoga |
Vishanashaka (All
types of poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Ka.4/15 |
|
6 |
Krutavedhana yoga |
Garavisha (Concocted
poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Ka.6/4 |
|
7 |
Vyoshadi gutika |
Vishanashaka (All
types of poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Ka.7/46-49 |
|
8 |
Snuhi yoga |
Dushivisha (Denatured/Latent poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Ka.10/5-6 |
|
9 |
Saptala shankhini
yoga |
Garavisha (Concocted
poison) |
Pana (Oral) |
Ch.Ka.11/4-5 |
2.2. Sushrutacharya has mentioned 95 vishaghna dravya in different Gana (Group) like
Aaragwadhadi Gana Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993),
Rodhradi Gana Shastri (n.d.),
Arkadi Gana Shastri (n.d.),
Shyamadi Gana Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993),
Patoladi gana Gupta (n.d.),
Anjanadi Gana Shastri (n.d.),
Utpaladi gana Gupta (n.d.),
Trapvadi Gana Gupta (n.d.)
in the chapter 38, Dravyasamgrahaniya
of Sootrasthana. Yadav
(2017)Twenty antitoxic drugs
are also mentioned in Ekasara Gana in Sushruta Samhita. Yadav (2017)
2.3. AshtangHridaya describes 104 vishaghna
dravya which are listed in Gana like Paradakara (2016)
Anjanadi Gana Shastri (n.d.),
Patoladi Gana Shastri (n.d.),
Aaragwadhadi Gana Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993),
Rodhradi Gana Shastri (n.d.),
Arkadi Gana Shastri (n.d.),
Eladi Gana Shastri and Chaturvedi (1989)
Shyamadi Gana Shastri and Chaturvedi (1993)
These antitoxic drugs can be used singularly or in combination with other drugs mentioned in that specific Gana.
3. DISCUSSION
There are many Agada yogas which if properly prepared can act as Rasayana (rejuvenates) and Prativisha (Antidote). The Agada yogas which are having Ushna (hot potency), Teekshna and Vyavayi (quick spreading) properties will help in the removal of diseases and visha from the body. These Yogas act faster mainly, because of its vishaghana ingradient and Prabhava (exclusive). Most of the references of Vishaghna yogas are from Vishachikitsa adhyaya of Chikitsasthana of Charak samhita. In other chapters of Chikitsasthana some references of Vishaghna yogas, helpful in treatment of poisoning are also found. Kalpasthana of Charaka Samhita describes various yogas or formulations which are used in shodhana chikitsa of the human body. Vamana and Virechana yogas useful in treatment of poisoning are described in Kalpasthana. Vishaghna Mahakashaya is one of the fifty Mahakashayas, described in sutrasthana of Charaka Samhita. All ten drugs in Vishaghna mahakashaya are used singularly or in various combination for the management of poisonings. Some Aahariya dravya (food/diet) viz. Yava (Barley), Tanduleeyaka (Amaranthus tricolor Linn.), Takra (Butter milk), Ghrita (Ghee), Jeerna Ghrita (old Ghee) etc. are mentioned in Sutrasthana as Vishaghna (Antitoxic).
4. CONCLUSION
The kalpa/ Agada described in various classical text are very useful in Visha Chikitsa as well as in the Kaya Chikitsa disease. These drugs are not confined only into the treatment of poisoning. They are also useful in the treatment of various systemic disease and complication due to poisoning or insect, snake, and other poisonous bite. Also, the routes of administration of these formulations are mentioned very specifically. In this review article, all these Vishaghna yogas are assembled at one place systematically with all the indications, routes of administrations and references. Hence, it becomes easy to refer these formulations at a glance. In day-to-day life, knowingly or unknowingly Human beings are exposed to lots of chemicals or toxins. These chemicals or toxins cause direct or indirect harm to human body. Hence, these are very useful drugs in this modern era where the life is very fast. So, more study/experiment is needed for the development of new Agada yoga (drugs composition).
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
None.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
None.
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