GOOD GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY: EVALUATING POLICY EFFECTIVENESS IN DEVELOPING DEMOCRACIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v12.i9.2025.1690Keywords:
Good Governance, Accountability, Policy Effectiveness, Transparency, Developing Democracies, Citizen Trust, Institutional ReformAbstract
Good governance and accountability are central pillars of democratic consolidation and sustainable development. Developing democracies often face challenges such as institutional weaknesses, corruption, and limited citizen engagement, which hinder policy effectiveness. This study evaluates the effectiveness of governance policies in promoting transparency, accountability, and public trust across selected developing democracies, including India, Nigeria, and Indonesia. Using a mixed-methods approach combining survey data, policy analysis, and governance indicators, the study hypothesizes that higher levels of institutional accountability correlate positively with policy performance and citizen satisfaction. The results indicate that while policy frameworks for accountability exist, their implementation remains inconsistent due to political interference, administrative inefficiencies, and weak monitoring mechanisms. The paper concludes that strengthening independent oversight bodies, digital transparency systems, and participatory governance practices can significantly improve governance outcomes in developing democracies.
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