OPTIMAL SIZING AND OPERATION OF HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS CONSIDERING THE BATTERY CAPACITY DEGRADATION LIMITATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v10.i9.2023.1368Keywords:
C-Rate, Depth of Discharge, End-of-Life, Optimization, Battery Energy StorageAbstract
Evaluating clean energy alternatives in hybrid power systems (HPS) is critical within sustainable development and zero-carbon policies. Considering the synchronization issues between energy generation and consumption, determining the optimal operating performance of battery energy storage systems (BESS) will likely increase support and interest in HPS investments. In this study, HPSs using shared BESSs for prosumers in a common bus distribution network are optimally sized with a minimum cost objective in a multi-year sensitivity analysis. Most importantly, the optimal C-rate and maximum depth of discharge (DODmax) operation are determined to match the supply-demand balance and maximize the HPS benefit at lower end-of-life (EOL) limits. The impact of increases in EOL limits on the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of HPS and BESS aging is also evaluated. At the same time, all operations are performed considering four different sub-degradation models using the Arrhenius strategy and Rainflow Counting algorithm. The results show that increasing the C-rate reduces CO2 by up to 19% while increasing BESS equivalent cycles and cycling degradation by 28.26% and 10%, respectively. HPS performance is maximized based on optimum BESS operating at 80% DODmax. Based on the obtained results, it is also emphasized that the impact of BESS operating performance on HPS feasibility and aging analysis will be valuable for many stakeholders.
Downloads
References
Alsaidan, I., Khodaei, A., & Gao, W. (2016). Determination of Optimal Size and Depth of Discharge for Battery Energy Storage in Standalone Microgrids. 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747845 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747845
Bordin, C., Anuta, H. O., Crossland, A., Gutierrez, I. L., Dent, C. J., & Vigo, D. (2017). A Linear Programming Approach for Battery Degradation Analysis and Optimization in Offgrid Power Systems with Solar Energy Integration. Renewable Energy, 101, 417-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.066
De La Torre, S., González-González, J. M., Aguado, J. A., & Martín, S. (2019). Optimal Battery Sizing Considering Degradation for Renewable Energy Integration. Iet Renewable Power Generation, 13(4), 572-577. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.5489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.5489
Dulout, J., Jammes, B., Alonso, C., Anvari-Moghaddam, A., Luna, A., & Guerrero, J. M. (2017). Optimal Sizing of a Lithium Battery Energy Storage System for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems. Ieee 2nd International Conference on Direct Current Microgrids (ICDCM), 582-587. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2017.8001106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2017.8001106
Fallahifar, R., & Kalantar, M. (2023). Optimal Planning of Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Microgrid Applications: Considering Capacity Degradation. Journal of Energy Storage, 57, 106103-106113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106103
Gupta, S., Rawat, M. S., & Gupta, T. N. (2022). Optimal Placement and Sizing of Various C-Rate Type of Bess for Minimizing Reverse Power Flow in Radial Distribution Network. 2nd International Conference on Emerging Frontiers in Electrical and Electronic Technologies (ICEFEET), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEFEET51821.2022.9847772 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEFEET51821.2022.9847772
Gupta, S., Rawat, M. S., & Gupta, T. N. (2022). Optimal Placement and Sizing of Various C-Rate Type of Bess for Minimizing the Impact of Intermittent Dg Output on Hourly Peak Load Variation in Radial Distribution Network. 2nd International Conference on Emerging Frontiers in Electrical and Electronic Technologies (ICEFEET), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEFEET51821.2022.9847777 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEFEET51821.2022.9847777
Hlal, M. I., Ramachandaramurthy, V. K., Sarhan, A., Pouryekta, A., & Subramaniam, U. (2019). Optimum Battery Depth of Discharge for Off-Grid Solar Pv/Battery System. Journal of Energy Storage, 26, 100999-101007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100999 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100999
Jacobus, H., Lin, B., Jimmy, D. H., Ansumana, R., Malanoski, A. P., & Stenger, D. (2011). Evaluating the Impact of Adding Energy Storage on the Performance of a Hybrid Power System. Energy Conversion and Management, 52(7), 2604-2610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2011.01.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2011.01.015
Jung, W., Jeong, J., Kim, J., & Chang, D. (2020). Optimization of Hybrid Off-Grid System Consisting of Renewables and Li-Ion Batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 451, 227754-227765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227754 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227754
Kebede, A. A., Coosemans, T., Messagie, M., Jemal, T., Behabtu, H. A., Van Mierlo, J., & Berecibar, M. (2021). Techno-Economic Analysis of Lithium-Ion and Lead-Acid Batteries in Stationary Energy Storage Application. Journal of Energy Storage, 40, 102748-102766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102748
Kraenzl, J., Nguyen, T. T., & Jossen, A. (2019). Investigating Stationary Storage Applications and their Impact on Battery Aging. 14th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2019.8813636 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2019.8813636
Kucinskis, G., Bozorgchenani, M., Feinauer, M., Kasper, M., Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, M., & Waldmann, T. (2022). Arrhenius Plots for Li-Ion Battery Ageing as a Function of Temperature, C-Rate, and Ageing State - An Experimental Study. Journal of Power Sources, 549, 232129-232138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232129
Li, J., Wang, D., & Pecht, M. (2019). An Electrochemical Model for High C-Rate Conditions in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 436, 226885-226894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226885 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226885
Liu, J., Wang, M., Peng, J., Chen, X., Cao, S., & Yang, H. (2020). Techno-Economic Design Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Applications for High-Rise Residential Buildings. Energy Conversion and Management, 213, 112868-112882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112868 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112868
Qi, X., Wang, J., Królczyk, G., Gardoni, P., & Li, Z. (2022). Sustainability Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Power System with Battery Storage for Islands Application. Journal of Energy Storage, 50, 104682-104693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.104682 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.104682
Qiu, Z., Zhang, W., Lu, S., Li, C., Wang, J., Meng, K., & Dong, Z. (2022). Charging-Rate-Based Battery Energy Storage System in Wind Farm and Battery Storage Cooperation Bidding Problem. Csee Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 8(3), 659-668. https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2021.00230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2021.00230
Rayit, N. S., Chowdhury, J. I., & Balta-Ozkan, N. (2021). Techno-Economic Optimisation of Battery Storage for Grid-Level Energy Services Using Curtailed Energy from Wind. Journal of Energy Storage, 39, 102641-102654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102641 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102641
Sarker, M. R., Murbach, M. D., Schwartz, D. T., & Ortega-Vazquez, M. A. (2017). Optimal Operation of a Battery Energy Storage System: Trade-Off Between Grid Economics and Storage Health. Electric Power Systems Research, 152, 342-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.07.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.07.007
Saxena, S., Xing, Y., Kwon, D., & Pecht, M. (2019). Accelerated Degradation Model for C-Rate Loading of Lithium-Ion Batteries. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 107, 438-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.12.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.12.016
Shabani, M., Dahlquist, E., Wallin, F., & Yan, J. (2021). Techno-Economic Impacts of Battery Performance Models and Control Strategies on Optimal Design of a Grid-Connected PV System. Energy Conversion and Management, 245, 114617-114637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114617 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114617
Smith, K., Saxon, A., Keyser, M., Lundstrom, B., Cao, Z., & Roc, A. (2017). Life Prediction Model for Grid-Connected Li-Ion Battery Energy Storage System. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 4062-4068. https://doi.org/10.23919/ACC.2017.7963578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/ACC.2017.7963578
Tebibel, H., Labed, S., Khellaf, A., Ziogou, C., Papadopoulou, S., & Voutetakis, S. (2015). Impact of the Battery Depth of Discharge on the Performance of Photovoltaic Hydrogen Production Unit with Energy Management Strategy. International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 1074-1078. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2015.7418575 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2015.7418575
Terkes, M., Demirci, A., & Gokalp, E. (2023). An Evaluation of Optimal Sized Second-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries Improving Technical, Economic, and Environmental Effects of Hybrid Power Systems. Energy Conversion and Management, 291, 117272-117286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117272 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117272
Terkes, M., Tercan, S. M., Demirci, A., & Gokalp, E. (2022). An Evaluation of Renewable Fraction Using Energy Storage for Electric Vehicle Charging Station. 4th International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (HORA), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/HORA55278.2022.9800091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HORA55278.2022.9800091
Terkes, M., & Demirci, A. (2023). Evaluation of Hybrid Power System Feasibility Considering Battery Degradation. 17th International Scientific Research Congress, 95-105.
Tsioumas, E., Jabbour, N., Koseoglou, M., Papagiannis, D., & Mademlis, C. (2021). Enhanced Sizing Methodology for the Renewable Energy Sources and the Battery Storage System in a Nearly Zero Energy Building. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 36(9), 10142-10156. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3058395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3058395
Wang, S., Guo, D., Han, X., Lu, L., Sun, K., Li, W., Sauer, D. U., & Ouyang, M. (2020). Impact of Battery Degradation Models on Energy Management of a Grid-Connected DC Microgrid. Energy, 207, 118228-118243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118228 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118228
Wu, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Xiao, H., Liu, R., & Zhang, L. (2022). Optimal Battery Capacity of Grid-Connected PV-Battery Systems Considering Battery Degradation. Renewable Energy, 181, 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.036
Zhao, C., & Li, X. (2023). Microgrid Optimal Energy Scheduling Considering Neural Network Based Battery Degradation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2023.3239113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2023.3239113
Zieba Falama, R., Dawoua Kaoutoing, M., Kwefeu Mbakop, F., Dumbrava, V., Makloufi, S., Djongyang, N., Salah, C. Ben, & Doka, S. Y. (2022). A Comparative Study Based on a Techno-Environmental-Economic Analysis of Some Hybrid Grid-Connected Systems Operating Under Electricity Blackouts: A Case Study in Cameroon. Energy Conversion and Management, 251, 114935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114935 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114935
Üçtuğ, F. G., & Azapagic, A. (2018). Environmental Impacts of Small-Scale Hybrid Energy Systems: Coupling Solar Photovoltaics and Lithium-Ion Batteries. Science of the Total Environment, 643, 1579-1589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.290 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.290
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Musa Terkes, Alpaslan Demirci
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License and Copyright Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
- That its release has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
For More info, please visit CopyRight Section
